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Table 6 Adjusted odds ratio for losing weight at 18 months postpartum and for gaining more than 2 kg among 19 604 nulliparous and 16 593 parous women with use of multinomial logistic regression and a post-partum weight gain of 0–2 kg as reference category

From: Associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcome and postpartum weight retention: a prospective observational cohort study

 

PPWR18mo < 0 kg

PPWR18mo > 2 kg

Nulliparous

Parous

Nulliparous

Parous

Underweight women

Adj. OR (95% CI)

Adj. OR (95% CI)

Adj. OR (95% CI)

Adj OR (95% CI)

GWG = IOM rec.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

GWG < IOM rec.

1.35 (0.84,2.18)

1.46 (0.86,2.49)

0.48 (0.29,0.79)**

0.68 (0.38 1.23)

GWG > IOM rec.

0.92 (0.46,1.85)

0.41 (0.19,0.91)*

3.06 (1.78,5.25)***

2.02 (1.14,3.60)*

Normal weight women

    

GWG = IOM rec.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

GWG < IOM rec.

1.70 (1.51,1.92)***

1.32 (1.16,1.49)***

0.89 (0.78,1.02)

0.83 (0.71,0.96)*

GWG > IOM rec.

0.79 (0.71,0.87)***

0.68 (0.61,0.75)***

1.79 (1.62,1.98)***

1.52 (1.36,1.70)***

Overweight women

    

GWG = IOM rec.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

GWG < IOM rec.

1.47 (0.98,2.22)

1.18 (0.82,1.68)

0.86 (0.54,1.36)

0.76 (0.49,1.16)

GWG > IOM rec.

0.70 (0.55,0.88)**

0.67 (0.54,0.83)***

1.66 (1.30,2.12)***

1.54 (1.21,1.97)**

Obese women

    

GWG = IOM rec.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

GWG < IOM rec.

3.01 (1.67,5.43)***

1.59 (0.99,2.56)

1.29 (0.66,2.51)

1.02 (0.58,1.81)

GWG > IOM rec.

1.34 (0.92,1.95)

1.03 (0.71,1.50)

2.57 (1.73,3.84)***

2.33 (1.53,3.57)***

  1. Adjusted for smoking at 6 months postpartum, maternal education, maternal age, breastfeeding in months for 6 months, breastfeeding up to 12 months, breastfeeding more than 12 months. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, 1999–2008.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.