Development of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) for migrants to Western societies: an international Delphi consensus process

Gagnon, Anita J; DeBruyn, Rebecca; Essén, Birgitta; Gissler, Mika; Heaman, Maureen; Jeambey, Zeinab; Korfker, Dineke; McCourt, Christine; Roth, Carolyn; Zeitlin, Jennifer; Small, Rhonda

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-200

Table 1 Data captured by the MFMCQ

From: Development of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) for migrants to Western societies: an international Delphi consensus process

Variable	Key theme measured¹	MFMCQ question number
*Migration*
Country of birth	MR	1
Length of time in receiving country	MR	2
Arrived in receiving country pregnant	MR	3
Number of children born in receiving country	MR	88
Countries of birth of mother’s parents	MR	90, 91
Immigration status	MR	92, 93, 94, 95, 96
Spent time in detention centre	MR	97, 98, 99
Permitted to work in receiving country	MR	102
Language spoken at home	MR	108
Fluency in receiving-country language(s)	MR; IE	109, 110
*Health care services*
Cared for by health care professional (HCP)	ATC; SI	4, 5
Prenatal care	ATC; SI	6, 7
Services during pregnancy	ATC; SI	9
Given information in language known to migrant	IE	13
HCP asked how planned to infant feed	ATC; CAR	15
HCP asked if preferences for care	ATC; CAR	16
Site of birth	ATC; SI	20
Type of HCP during labour, birth	ATC; SI	21, 22
Procedures during labour, birth (e.g., caesarean)	ATC; CAR; SI	23
Allowed to move around, choose positions during labour	ATC; CAR	26
HCP asked re: preferences for pain management during labour	ATC; CAR	27
During labour, allowed to have choice of support people	ATC; CAR	29
During birth, had a companion	ATC	30, 31
HCP asked re: preferences for care during labour, after birth	ATC; CAR	32, 37
Infant admitted to special care unit	CRO	33
Length of hospital stay	ATC; SI	34
HCP asked re: food preferences	ATC; CAR	36
Given baby to hold skin-to-skin within first hour after birth	ATC	38
HCP offered help/info re: breastfeeding	ATC; CAR	39, 40
BF support services used	ATC	41
HCP seen since birth	ATC; SI	42, 43, 44
HCP offered interpreting service	IE; ATC; SI	57
Frequency of interpreter in attendance and who acted as interpreter	IE; SI	58, 59
HCP asked if any questions	ATC; CAR	67
HCP kept woman informed	IE	71
*Obstetrics –current pregnancy*
Medical complications pregnancy, labour, birth	CRO	8, 24
Gestational age at birth	CRO	17
Number of infants born	CRO	18
Infant birth weight	CRO	19
If caesarean birth, reason	CRO	25
*Obstetrics –history*
Pregnancies (i.e.., gradivity)	CRO	78
Miscarriages	CRO	79
Terminations	CRO	80
Stillbirths	CRO	81
Infants born before 37 completed weeks	CRO	82
Infants born after 37 weeks	CRO	83
Medical complications during previous pregnancies	CRO	84, 85
*Perceptions of care*
Services wished for but not used	PC	10, 11
Sources of information	PC	12
Received enough information	PC	14
Satisfied with how HCP helped to manage pain during labour	PC	28
Time in hospital/clinic post birth was adequate	PC	35
Wanted to see a health care professional but could not	PC	45, 46
Other advice/support/information wished for	PC	47
Felt welcomed by HCP	PC	48
Felt respected by HCP	PC	49
HCP were helpful	PC	50
Happy with care received	PC	51
Was asked by HCP to do something woman did not want to do	PC	52, 53
HCP asked preferences for female/male HCP	PC	54
Understood info provided by HCP	PC	55
Would have understood info better in another language	PC	56
Satisfaction with interpretation	PC	60
Had preferences for care but they couldn’t be followed	PC	61, 62, 63
Things HCP could do differently/better	PC	64, 65
Particularly good/bad experiences	PC	66
HCPs were rushed	PC	68
Concerns taken seriously by HCPs	PC	69
Wait too long for care	PC	70
Felt comfortable asking about things not understood	PC	72
HCPs made decisions without women’s wishes being taken into account	PC	73
HCPs encouraging and reassuring	PC	74
HCPs spent enough time providing explanations	PC	75
Thought to be treated differently to other people by HCPs	PC	76, 77
*Socio-demographics*
Marital status	SDC	86
Household composition	SDC	87, 88
Maternal birth date	SDC	90
Health services funding	SDC	101
Education	SDC	102
Employment	SDC	104, 105, 106
Household income	SDC	107, 108

¹ATC = Access to care (n ≥ 21 questions).
CAR = Caregiver awareness and responsiveness (n ≥ 10 questions).
CRO = Clinical risks and outcomes (n ≥ 13 questions).
IE = Information exchange (n ≥ 5 questions).
MR = Migration-related (n ≥ 10 questions).
PC = Perceptions of care (n ≥ 27 questions).
SDC = Socio-demographic characteristics (n ≥ 7 questions).
SI = Structural issues (n ≥ 10 questions).

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ISSN: 1471-2393

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