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Table 2 Selected maternal characteristics, antenatal risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes for First Nations pregnancies, by diabetes in pregnancy status and type, Alberta, Canada, 2000–2009 (n = 28,306)

From: Diabetes in pregnancy among First Nations women in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective analysis

 

Women without diabetes (n = 26,793)

Women with diabetes (n = 1,513)

P-value

Women with pre-existing diabetes (n = 289)

Women with GDM (n = 1,224)

P-value

Maternal characteristics and risks

      

Age (years)

24.7 (5.8)

28.9 (6.2)

<0.001

29.2 (6.03)

28.8 (6.27)

0.407

Rural

51.8 (51.2-52.4)

52.5 (49.9-55.0)

0.614

55.4 (49.43-61.18)

51.8 (48.96-54.63)

0.275

Weight ≥ 91 kg

10.8 (10.5-11.2)

31.7 (29.3-34.1)

<0.001

37.0 (31.44-42.87)

30.4 (27.85-33.08)

0.030

Pre-existing hypertension

0.9 (0.8-1.0)

4.2 (3.3-5.4)

<0.001

9.3 (6.25-13.30)

3.0 (2.14-4.14)

<0.001

Pregnancy induced hypertension

4.4 (4.2-4.7)

8.1 (6.7-9.7)

<0.001

10.0 (6.82-14.09)

11.3 (9.56-13.18)

0.545

Proteinuria

2.4 (2.2-2.6)

5.6 (4.5-6.9)

<0.001

7.6 (4.83-11.30)

5.2 (3.98-6.54)

0.102

Anemia

2.3 (2.1-2.5)

1.3 (0.8-2.0)

0.013

0.7 (0.08-2.48)

1.5 (0.87-2.31)

0.297

Smoker

54.7 (54.1-55.3)

49.4 (46.8-51.9)

<0.001

48.1 (42.21-54.02)

49.7 (46.83-52.51)

0.630

Alcohol anytime

10.4 (10.0-11.0)

7.8 (6.2-9.8)

0.001

6.9 (3.71-12.33)

7.9 (6.15-10.08)

0.285

Drug dependant

6.6 (6.3-6.9)

3.5 (2.6-4.6)

<0.001

4.9 (2.69-8.05)

3.2 (2.25-4.32)

0.155

Antepartum risk ≥ 7

10.4 (10.1-10.8)

30.7 (28.4-33.1)

<0.001

47.1 (41.19-52.99)

26.9 (24.41-29.46)

<0.001

Pregnancy Outcomes

      

Induction of labour

23.8 (23.1-24.3)

41.7 (39.2-44.2)

<0.001

33.6 (28.14-39.33)

43.6 (40.83-46.46)

0.002

Cesarean section

19.1 (18.6-19.5)

35.4 (33.0-37.8)

<0.001

46.7 (40.85-52.65)

32.7 (30.06-35.39)

<0.001

Low birth weight

8.0 (7.6-8.3)

7.2 (6.0-8.6)

0.308

9.0 (5.96-12.90)

6.8 (5.45-8.35)

0.193

High birth weight

16.7 (16.3-17.2)

29.3 (27.0-31.6)

<0.001

26.3 (21.32-31.77)

30.0 (27.39-32.61)

0.220

Breastfeeding

71.2 (70.5-72.8)

74.7 (69.3-79.6)

0.266

77.5 (61.55-89.16)

74.2 (68.34-79.49)

0.656

Preterm

9.2 (8.9-9.6)

17.3 (15.4-19.3)

<0.001

22.8 (18.13-28.12)

16.0 (13.96-18.15)

0.005

Stillbirth

1.2 (1.1-1.3)

2.1 (1.5-2.9)

0.002

3.8 (1.92-6.71)

1.7 (1.07-2.61)

0.027

Congenital anomaly

1.8 (1.6-2.0)

1.4 (0.8-2.3)

0.437

3.1 (1.36-6.06)

0.9 (0.43-1.79)

0.032

Neonatal intensive care unit admission

8.6 (8.3-9.0)

16.7 (14.8-15.7)

<0.001

19.0 (14.62-24.07)

16.1 (14.08-18.31)

0.326

  1. Data presented are mean (standard deviation) or percentage (95% confidence intervals).