From: Diabetes in pregnancy among First Nations women in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective analysis
Women without diabetes (n = 26,793) | Women with diabetes (n = 1,513) | P-value | Women with pre-existing diabetes (n = 289) | Women with GDM (n = 1,224) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics and risks | ||||||
Age (years) | 24.7 (5.8) | 28.9 (6.2) | <0.001 | 29.2 (6.03) | 28.8 (6.27) | 0.407 |
Rural | 51.8 (51.2-52.4) | 52.5 (49.9-55.0) | 0.614 | 55.4 (49.43-61.18) | 51.8 (48.96-54.63) | 0.275 |
Weight ≥ 91 kg | 10.8 (10.5-11.2) | 31.7 (29.3-34.1) | <0.001 | 37.0 (31.44-42.87) | 30.4 (27.85-33.08) | 0.030 |
Pre-existing hypertension | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 4.2 (3.3-5.4) | <0.001 | 9.3 (6.25-13.30) | 3.0 (2.14-4.14) | <0.001 |
Pregnancy induced hypertension | 4.4 (4.2-4.7) | 8.1 (6.7-9.7) | <0.001 | 10.0 (6.82-14.09) | 11.3 (9.56-13.18) | 0.545 |
Proteinuria | 2.4 (2.2-2.6) | 5.6 (4.5-6.9) | <0.001 | 7.6 (4.83-11.30) | 5.2 (3.98-6.54) | 0.102 |
Anemia | 2.3 (2.1-2.5) | 1.3 (0.8-2.0) | 0.013 | 0.7 (0.08-2.48) | 1.5 (0.87-2.31) | 0.297 |
Smoker | 54.7 (54.1-55.3) | 49.4 (46.8-51.9) | <0.001 | 48.1 (42.21-54.02) | 49.7 (46.83-52.51) | 0.630 |
Alcohol anytime | 10.4 (10.0-11.0) | 7.8 (6.2-9.8) | 0.001 | 6.9 (3.71-12.33) | 7.9 (6.15-10.08) | 0.285 |
Drug dependant | 6.6 (6.3-6.9) | 3.5 (2.6-4.6) | <0.001 | 4.9 (2.69-8.05) | 3.2 (2.25-4.32) | 0.155 |
Antepartum risk ≥ 7 | 10.4 (10.1-10.8) | 30.7 (28.4-33.1) | <0.001 | 47.1 (41.19-52.99) | 26.9 (24.41-29.46) | <0.001 |
Pregnancy Outcomes | ||||||
Induction of labour | 23.8 (23.1-24.3) | 41.7 (39.2-44.2) | <0.001 | 33.6 (28.14-39.33) | 43.6 (40.83-46.46) | 0.002 |
Cesarean section | 19.1 (18.6-19.5) | 35.4 (33.0-37.8) | <0.001 | 46.7 (40.85-52.65) | 32.7 (30.06-35.39) | <0.001 |
Low birth weight | 8.0 (7.6-8.3) | 7.2 (6.0-8.6) | 0.308 | 9.0 (5.96-12.90) | 6.8 (5.45-8.35) | 0.193 |
High birth weight | 16.7 (16.3-17.2) | 29.3 (27.0-31.6) | <0.001 | 26.3 (21.32-31.77) | 30.0 (27.39-32.61) | 0.220 |
Breastfeeding | 71.2 (70.5-72.8) | 74.7 (69.3-79.6) | 0.266 | 77.5 (61.55-89.16) | 74.2 (68.34-79.49) | 0.656 |
Preterm | 9.2 (8.9-9.6) | 17.3 (15.4-19.3) | <0.001 | 22.8 (18.13-28.12) | 16.0 (13.96-18.15) | 0.005 |
Stillbirth | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 2.1 (1.5-2.9) | 0.002 | 3.8 (1.92-6.71) | 1.7 (1.07-2.61) | 0.027 |
Congenital anomaly | 1.8 (1.6-2.0) | 1.4 (0.8-2.3) | 0.437 | 3.1 (1.36-6.06) | 0.9 (0.43-1.79) | 0.032 |
Neonatal intensive care unit admission | 8.6 (8.3-9.0) | 16.7 (14.8-15.7) | <0.001 | 19.0 (14.62-24.07) | 16.1 (14.08-18.31) | 0.326 |