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Table 1 Prevalence of perineal trauma in women with a singleton vaginal birth

From: Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study

 

Hospital

FMU

Homebirth

Nullip = 1,151

Nullip = 109

Nullip = 42

Multip = 1,204

Multip = 179

Multip = 69

Number with outcome

Number with outcome

Number with outcome

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

Intact perineum

         

Nullip

100

8.6

7.1, 10.3

19

17.4

10.3, 24.6

6

14.3

3.6, 25.0

Multip

343

28.5

26.0, 31.0

71

39.7

32.5, 46.9

39

56.5

44.7, 68.3

Labial tear

         

Nullip

219

19.0

16.8, 21.3

27

24.8

16.6, 33.0

12

28.6

14.7, 42.4

Multip

148

12.3

10.4, 14.2

30

16.8

11.3, 22.2

5

7.2

1.1, 13.4

Tear of vaginal wall only

         

Nullip

62

5.4

4.1, 6.7

8

7.3

2.4, 12.3

2

4.8

0.0, 11.3

Multip*

48

4.0

2.9, 5.1

11

6.2

2.7, 9.7

1

1.5

0.0, 4.3

First degree

         

Nullip

63

5.5

4.2, 6.8

18

16.5

9.5, 23.6

7

16.7

5.3, 28.1

Multip

147

12.2

10.4, 14.1

33

18.4

12.7, 24.0

11

15.9

7.2, 24.7

Second degree

         

Nullip

404

35.1

32.3, 37.9

38

34.8

25.9, 43.9

12

29.0

14.7, 42.4

Multip

461

38.3

35.5, 41.0

44

24.6

18.3, 31.0

14

20.3

10.7, 29.9

Third degree (a, b, c)

         

Nullip

69

6.0

4.7, 7.5

2

1.8

0, 4.4

3

7.1

0, 15.0

Multip

29

2.4

1.6, 3.4

1

0.6

0, 1.7

0

0

na

Fourth degree

         

Nullip

4

0.3

0.0, 0.7

0

0

na

0

0

Na

Multip

2

0.2

0.0, 0.4

0

0

na

0

0

na

Episiotomy

         

Nullip

364

31.6

30.0, 34.3

7

6.4

1.7, 11.5

1

2.4

0.0, 7.1

Multip

84

7.0

5.5, 8.4

0

0

na

0

0

na

Episiotomy plus 3 rd or 4 th degree tear

         

Nullip

34

0.4

0.1, 0.9

0

0

na

0

0

na

Multip

5

0.0

2.0, 4.1

0

0

na

0

0

na

Extensive tear (any 3 rd or 4 th degree tear with/without episiotomy)

         

Nullip

81

7.0

5.6, 8.5

2

1.8

0, 4.4

3

7.1

0, 15.0

Multip

32

2.7

1.7, 3.6

1

0.6

0, 1.7

0

0

na

  1. Footnotes: * n = 1,203 patients analysed for hospital, and n = 178 for FMU.