From: Anxiety symptoms and coping strategies in the perinatal period
Coping strategies | T1 (3rd trim. pregnancy) n = 400 | T2 (2 months postpartum) n = 158 | Group effect | Time effect | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F(df) | p | F(df) | p | |
Active coping | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.15 (0.45) | 3.00 (0.65) | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.09 (0.45) | 3.04 (0.48) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 3.08 (0.54) | 2.97 (0.67) | 0.16 (2) | n.s. | 4.85 (1) | 0.03 |
Planning | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.12 (0.46)g | 2.98 (0.61)g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.15 (0.45) | 3.03 (0.47) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 3.02(0.46) | 3.08 (0.58) | 0.13 (2) | n.s. | 4.23 (1) | 0.04 |
Using instrumental support | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.15 (0.64)g | 2.89 (0.81)g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.09 (0.62) | 3.06 (0.70) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 3.19 (0.77) | 2.95 (0.84) | 1.33 (2) | n.s. | 10.65 (1) | 0.001 |
Using emotional support | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.17 (0.72) | 2.94 (1.23) | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.27 (0.58) | 3.12 (0.65) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 3.29 (0.69)i | 2.94 (0.83)i | 0.59 (2) | n.s. | 6.87 (1) | 0.01 |
Venting | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.11 (0.60)g | 2.91 (0.72)g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.03 (0.71) | 2.94 (0.64) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 3.15 (0.71) | 2.92 (0.89) | 0.07 (2) | n.s. | 9.58 (1) | 0.002 |
Acceptance | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.39 (0.36)d.e | 3.38 (0.47) | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.24 (.036)d | 3.24 (0.58) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 3.13 (0.48)e | 3.32 (0.61) | 2.89 (2) | 0.05 | 0.64 (1) | ns |
Denial | ||||||
No anxiety | 1.63 (0.75)a.e.g | 1.43 (0.59)a.b.g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 1.92 (0.72)a | 1.68 (0.76)a | ||||
Severe anxiety | 1.90 (0.69)e | 1.81 (0.85)b | 5.44 (2) | 0.05 | 7.87 (1) | 0.06 |
Self-Blame | ||||||
No anxiety | 2.31 (0.75)a.g | 1.98 (0.69)a.b.g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 2.44 (0.70)b | 2.33 (0.81)a | ||||
Severe anxiety | 2.87 (0.84)a.b | 2.63 (0.90)b | 12.64 (2) | 0.001 | 11.23 (1) | 0.001 |
Humour | ||||||
No anxiety | 1.97 (0.80) | 1.98 (0.85) | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 1.78 (0.67) | 1.72 (0.73) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 1.73 (0.63) | 1.68 (0.65) | 3.19 (2) | 0.04 | 0.07 (1) | n.s. |
Religion | ||||||
No anxiety | 1.90 (0.94)g | 1.70 (0.91)g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 1.63 (0.81) | 1.58 (0.79) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 1.90 (0.92)i | 1.60 (0.93)i | 0.779 (2) | n.s. | 9.43 (1) | 0.01 |
Distraction | ||||||
No anxiety | 2.88 (0.74)g | 2.37 (0.93)g | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 3.04 (0.59)h | 2.46 (0.74)h | ||||
Severe anxiety | 2.73 (0.70)i | 2.19 (0.92)i | 1.79 (2) | n.s. | 49.72 (1) | 0.001 |
Substance use | ||||||
No anxiety | 1.05 ( 0.18) | 1.13 (0.45) | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 1.10 (0.28) | 1.12 (0.29) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 1.03 (0.18) | 1.26 (0.68) | 0.56 (2) | n.s. | 5.275 (1) | 0.023 |
Behavioural Disengagement | ||||||
No anxiety | 1.51 (0.49) | 1.50 (0.59) | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 1.77 (0.68) | 1.65 (0.61) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 1.61 (0.57) | 1.58 (0.65) | 2.81 (2) | n.s. | 0.50 (1) | n.s. |
Positive reframing | ||||||
No anxiety | 3.01 (0.60)d | 2.93 (0.58)a | ||||
Moderate anxiety | 2.91 (0.48) | 2.77 (0.69) | ||||
Severe anxiety | 2.73 (0.70)d | 2.60 (0.69)a | 4.22 (2) | 0.016 | 3.71 (1) | ns |