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Table 2 Access and clinical care for disabled women during the antenatal, labour and birth and postnatal periods

From: Women with disability: the experience of maternity care during pregnancy, labour and birth and the postnatal period

 

Outcome

Women with disability n (%)

Women without disability n (%)

Adjusted odds ratio

(n = 1482)

(n = 22673)

(95% CI)

Pregnancy

First saw a health professional by 12 completed weeks

1350 (94.3)

21115 (95.3)

1.12 (0.87- 1.44)

 

Booking appointment by 12 completed weeks

1153 (88.2)

18484 (89.5)

1.09 (0.91-1.31)

 

10 or more antenatal checks **

455 (34.2)

4376 (21.1)

1.88 (1.66-2.12)

 

4 or more antenatal scans during pregnancy**

729 (50.2)

7223 (32.2)

2.04 (1.83-2.28)

 

Dating scan at 8–14 weeks of pregnancy

1378 (95.3)

21253 (95.2)

0.93 (0.71-1.21)

 

Testing for down’s syndrome

1032 (96.4)

16119 (96.8)

1.06 (0.74-1.53)

 

Mid-trimester (anomaly/20 weeks) scan

1439 (99.2)

22143 (99.0)

0.82 (0.45-1.50)

 

Attended NHS antenatal classes (of those wishing to)**

463 (53.0)

8193 (62.4)

0.71 (0.58-0.86)

Labour and birth

Had met staff before labour**

430 (30.0)

5191 (23.3)

0.72 (0.63-0.81)

 

Had choice of place of birth **

899 (64.4)

17329 (80.1)

1.44 (1.23-1.67)

 

Given epidural for pain relief in labour

379 (31.5)

5746 (28.9)

0.85 (0.74-0.97)

 

Given pethidine for pain relief in labour

371 (30.8)

5948 (30.0)

0.96 (0.84-1.10)

 

Able to choose a comfortable position most of the time **

579 (48.6)

11308 (57.3)

0.72 (0.63-0.81)

 

Caesarean section birth**

445 (30.5)

5437 (24.2)

1.35 (1.19-1.52)

Postnatal care

Length of postnatal stay > =3 days**

564 (39.6)

6230 (28.6)

1.63 (1.45-1.83)

 

Baby put to breast at least once**

1131 (77.3)

18987 (84.4)

1.41 (1.23-1.66)

 

Full or partial breast milk feeds in first few days **

1018 (70.1)

17814 (79.4)

0.65 (0.57-0.74)

 

Total number of postnatal midwife contacts > = 5*

383 (27.0)

5260 (24.0)

1.22 (1.08-1.39)

 

Postnatal check

1279 (87.5)

19927 (89.0)

1.11 (0.93-1.31)

 

Given advice about contraception

1306 (90.3)

20569 (92.2)

0.78 (0.65-0.95)

  1. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001 Adjustment for age, parity, ethnicity and partner status Significant OR in bold.