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Table 3 Association of race with physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health in early pregnancy: the Health Status in Pregnancy (HIP) study

From: The effect of depression symptoms and social support on black-white differences in health-related quality of life in early pregnancy: the health status in pregnancy (HIP) study

Adjustments

Black versus white race

[Beta coefficient1(95% confidence interval)]

Physical functioning

Role-physical

Bodily pain

General health

Model 1: Unadjusted

−14┼ (−20, -7)

−8┼ (−19, -4)

−14 ┼ (−20, -7)

−8 ┼ (−12, -4)

Model 2: model 1 + demographic factorsa

−10┼ (−18, -1)

−6 (−21, 9)

−7 (−15, 1)

−5┼ (−10, -0.8)

Model 3: model 2 + socioeconomic factorsb

−10┼ (−17, -0.8)

−6 (−21, 8)

−7 (−16, 0.7)

−6┼ (−10, -1.0)

Model 4: model 3 + depressive symptoms

−9┼ (−17, -1.0)

−6 (−21, 10)

−15┼ (−16, -1)

−5┼ (−10, -0.6)

Model 5: model 4 + social supportc

−11┼ (−20, -2)

−12┼ (−29, 6)

−10┼ (−20, -0.3)

−5┼ (−10, -0.3)

Model 6: model 5 + pre-pregnancy BMI

−10┼ (−19 -0.05)

−13 (−31, 6)

−9 (−19 1.1)

−5 (−10, 0.2)

Model 7: model 6 + prior adverse birth outcomesd

−10 (−20, 0.8)

−15 (−31, 3)

−9 (−19, 1)

−5 (−10, 0.8)

Model 8: model 7 + past medical conditionse

−11┼ (−21, -0.2)

−17 (−36, 1)

−10 (−20,0.5)

−5 (−10, 2)

Model 9: model 8 + current pregnancy Complicationsf

−10 (−20, 0.06)

−18 (−37, 1)

−10 (−20, 0.6)

−5 (−10, 2.0)

  1. BMI = body mass index.
  2. 1The beta coefficient represents on average the difference in health-related quality of life scores among African-American compared to white women for each functional status domain.
  3. aDemographic factors (age, marital status, parity, gestational age).
  4. bSocioeconomic factors (education, work status, insurance).
  5. c Social support is based on modified version of the Norbeck Social support Questionnaire.
  6. dAdverse birth outcomes (one or more spontaneous abortions or preterm birth).
  7. ePast medical conditions include chronic hypertension; heart disease; diabetes mellitus; sexually transmitted disease, infertility; renal disease; prior diagnosis of depression and asthma.
  8. fCurrent pregnancy complications included pregnancy-induced hypertension, heart disease, asthma, cervical dysplasia requiring colposcopy, renal disease or pyelonephritis; first or second trimester vaginal bleeding, sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, hepatitis B).
  9. ┼ A confidence interval that excludes 0 indicates statistical significance.