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Table 2 Characteristics of women who experience poor mental health outcomes at 4 months postpartum

From: Influence of interpersonal violence on maternal anxiety, depression, stress and parenting morale in the early postpartum: a community based pregnancy cohort study

Independent variable

Depression (EPDS ≥ 10) n(%)

Anxiety (SSAI ≥ 40) n(%)

High stress n(%)

Low parenting morale n(%)

 

Yes (n = 177)

No (n = 1170)

Yes (n = 206)

No (n = 1125)

Yes (n = 229)

No (n = 1115)

Yes (n = 265)

No (n = 1074)

Maternal Age

        

<25 yrs

19(11.0)*

89(7.7)

21(10.4)

85(7.7)

19(11.0)

80(7.3)

21(8.0)

87(8.2)

25–34 yrs

110(63.6)

863(74.6)

138(68.7)

827(74.4)

110(63.6)

826(75.2)

186(71.0)

779(73.6)

35+ yrs

44(25.4)

203(17.6)

42(20.9)

199(17.9)

44(25.4)

193(17.6)

55(21.0)

192(18.1)

Education

        

High school or less

24(13.6)

111(9.6)

22(10.7)

114(10.2)

38(16.7)*

100(9.0)

31(11.7)

106(9.9)

Completed degree or some post-Secondary

152(86.4)

1051(90.4)

183(89.3)

1003(89.8)

190(83.3)*

1007(91.0)

233(88.3)

960(90.1)

Household Income

        

<60,000

51(29.7)*

180(160)

59(29.8)*

170(15.7)

67(30.6)*

165(15.3)

62(24.1)*

170(16.5)

60,000+

121(70.3)*

944(84.0)

139(70.2)*

912(84.3)

152(69.4)*

912(84.7)

195(75.9)*

861(83.5)

Marital Status

        

Married/common-law

159(90.3)*

1106(95.3)

184(90.2)*

1064(93.5)

208(91.2)

1053(93.3)

246(93.2)

1009(94.8)

Other

17(9.7)*

54(4.7)

20(9.8)*

52(4.7)

20(8.8)

52(4.7)

18(6.8)

55(5.2)

Ethnic Origin

        

White/Caucasian

125(71.0)

894(77.1)

150(73.5)

860(77.1)

166(72.8)

850(76.9)

210(79.5)

802(75.4)

Other

51(29.0)

266(22.9)

54(26.5)

256(22.9)

62(27.2)

255(23.1)

54(20.5)

262(24.6)

Born in Canada

        

Yes

128(72.7)

898(77.2)

159(77.6)

861(77.0)

170(74.6)

853(77.0)

205(77.7)

814(76.3)

No

48(27.3)

265(22.8)

26(22.4)

257(23.0)

58(25.4)

255(23.0)

59(22.3)

253(23.7)

History of Mental Health Problems

113(64.6)*

337(29.0)*

127(62.3)*

317(28.3)*

129(56.8)*

320(28.9)*

149(56.7)*

299(28.0)*

History of Alcohol or Drug Abuse

11(6.3)

32(2.7)

11(5.4)

33(2.9)

13(5.7)

30(2.7)

15(5.7)

29(2.7)

Low Optimism (below 20 th percentile of distribution)

43(28.7)*

121(12.7)*

57(33.7)*

106(11.5)*

63(33.0)*

102(11.2)*

62(27.1)*

101(11.6)*

Low Social Support

75(43.4)*

115(10.0)*

78(39.2)*

110(9.9)*

91(41.0)*

100(9.1)*

96(37.4)*

93(8.8)*

Low Energy

75(42.6)*

142(12.1)*

91(44.0)*

126(11.2)*

93(40.8)*

123(11.0)*

118(44.7)*

99(9.2)*

  1. *significant at p < 0.01.
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