Table 1 Prevalence and odds ratios for pregnancy and birth complications

Gestational diabetes

1.2-4.1%

^{14, 17, 18, 54}

3.5-9.5%

^{14, 15, 17, 18, 23, 54}

2.6-5.2

^{15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 54}

4-7.4

^{14, 17, 18}

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

0.7-4.8%

^{14, 17, 18}

1.4-13.5%

^{14, 15, 17, 18}

2.1-5.2

^{13, 14-16, 18, 20}

3.2-4.9

^{10, 14, 17, 18}

Caesarean section

7.7-22.3%

^{10, 14, 17}

10.4-36.2%

^{14, 15, 17}

1.7-2.9

^{15, 16, 17, 20}

2.5-3.0

^{14, 16, 17}

Premature birth < 37 weeks

5.4-19.6%

^{14, 16, 17, 18}

6.4-30.7%

^{12, 14, 15, 17, 18}

0.9-1.6*

^{15, 18, 20, 38}

1.5-1.85

^{17, 18}

Special care nursery admission

4.3-9.3%

¹⁷

6-33.2%

¹⁷

1.2-1.3

¹⁶

1.4-3.4

¹⁶

Congenital abnormality

1.2-4.5%

^{16, 22, 23, 36}

2.2-5.5%

^{22-24, 29, 31-33, 36}

1.1-2.6*

^{22-24, 36}

1.4-3.4

^{14, 22, 29}