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Table 4 Characteristics of included controlled trials

From: Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and fetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study/Year of Publication (country)

Participants

Intervention v comparison

Outcome

Risk of Bias/Note

Pregnancy outcome in Diabetes control and complication trial research group 1996 [12](USA)

187 had preconception intensive insulin therapy and 83 did not.

PCC included glycemic control and dietary advice.

There were 26 spontaneous abortion in the PCC group and 16 in the NPCC group. One still birth in the PCC group and 3 in the NPCC. Congenital mal formations were 5in the PCC group and 4 in the NPCC group. No differences on neonatal morbidity or maternal morbidity. Mean HbA1C in PCC group =7.4 ± 1.3 and in NPCC = 8.8 ± 1.7

High (Unclear report of the outcome, the control group was aware of the importance of glycemic control and was repeatedly advised to change into intensive therapy when planning pregnancy. So intervention was not restricted to the preconception group. No specific target level of the blood sugar was stated for the preconception group)

  1. Key: HbA1C = Glycosylated Hemoglobin A, PCC = Preconception Care, NPCC = No Preconception Care.