Smoking during pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance: a prospective cohort study

Table 2 Odds ratios of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) according to smoking in pre, early, and mid pregnancy; Latina Pregnancy Study, 2000-2004

	Total Population		AGT Cases		Age-adjusted		Age- and weight-gain adjusted		Full Multivariate Model¹
	No.	%	No.	%	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Pre-pregnancy²
Non-smoker	596	65.3	70	11.7	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
Smoker	316	34.7	35	11.1	1.42	[0.82, 2.46]	1.29	[0.69, 2.41]	1.27	[0.67, 2.38]
> 0-9 cigarettes/day	125	13.7	20	16.0	1.90	[1.02, 3.55]	1.73	[0.84, 3.58]	1.75	[0.83, 3.67]
10+ cigarettes/day	191	20.9	15	7.9	0.95	[0.45, 2.00]	0.89	[0.38, 2.07]	0.86	[0.37, 2.01]
Total	912	100.0	105	11.5
Early Pregnancy
Non-smoker³	524	61.8	62	11.8	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
Former smoker⁴	153	18.1	24	15.7	1.50	[0.89, 2.52]	1.38	[0.76, 2.51]	1.28	[0.68, 2.41]
Smoker	170	20.1	11	6.5	0.49	[0.25, 0.94]	0.45	[0.20, 1.02]	0.48	[0.21, 1.10]
> 0-9 cigarettes/day	133	15.7	9	6.8	0.59	[0.28, 1.22]	0.49	[0.19, 1.29]	0.49	[0.19, 1.32]
10+ cigarettes/day	37	4.4	2	5.4	0.39	[0.09, 1.67]	0.49	[0.11, 2.18]	0.57	[0.12, 2.66]
Total	847	100.0	97	11.5
Mid Pregnancy
Non-smoker³	387	55.5	43	11.1	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
Former smoker⁵	193	27.7	29	15.0	1.47	[0.87, 2.48]	1.16	[0.64, 2.10]	1.06	[0.57, 2.00]
Smoker	117	16.8	7	6.0	0.46	[0.20, 1.03]	0.36	[0.12, 1.02]	0.38	[0.13, 1.11]
> 0-9 cigarettes/day	93	13.3	6	6.5	0.62	[0.25, 1.53]	0.35	[0.10, 1.20]	0.36	[0.11, 1.24]
10+ cigarettes/day	24	3.4	1	4.2	0.27	[0.04, 2.08]	0.46	[0.06, 3.79]	0.53	[0.06, 4.67]
Total	697	100.0	79	11.3

¹Multivariate model includes age, BMI, weight gain, parity, and education.
²Pre pregnancy analysis is also adjusted for early pregnancy smoking.
³Current non-smokers who did not previously smoke.
⁴Smoked in pre only; includes non-smokers in early pregnancy with unknown pre-pregnancy smoking status.
⁵Smoked in pre and/or early only; includes non-smokers in mid pregnancy with unknown pre or early smoking status.

ISSN: 1471-2393